托福寫作技巧:擅用名詞化
2019-06-21 環(huán)球教育整理
托福考試作為國外類考試,其寫作部分的用詞地道的重要性毋庸置疑。然而,由于歷史、地理和社會的原因,英民族更注重抽象思維,他們擅長用抽象的概念來表達(dá)具體的事物。他們認(rèn)為通過名詞化可以產(chǎn)生大量抽象概念,滿足表達(dá)抽象概念的需要。
簡單說,名詞化即是動詞或形容詞被用作名詞的現(xiàn)象。比如動詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:discovery->discovery,move->movement,refuse->refusal,又比如形容詞轉(zhuǎn)成名詞:careless->carelessness,difficult->difficulty, intense->intensity。那么什么情況下,我們需要進(jìn)行名詞化呢?
A 謂語動詞的賓語部分。
原句:I do not know either what she meant or what he intends.
名詞化:I do not know either her meaning or his intentions.
B 結(jié)合被動形式
原句:If people decide without enough persuasive information,...
名詞化:If a decision is made without enough persuasive information,...
C 取代諸如從句中“the fact that”的用法
原句:The fact that I denied what he accused me of impressed the jury.
名詞化:My denial of his accusations impressed the jury.
更好的名詞化:a. When I denied his accusations,I impressed the jury.
b. In denying his accusations, I impressed the jury.
D 名詞化部分用在there is/are的后面
原句:We demand that the government stop taxing entertainment.
名詞化:There is a demand for an end to taxation on entertainment.
原句:The floods considerably eroded the land.
名詞化:There was considerable erosion of the land from the floods.
然而,有些時候,在我們的思維方式中認(rèn)為理所應(yīng)當(dāng)使用“名詞化”時,老外認(rèn)為是沒有必要的。比如:
A 名詞化部分跟在動詞后面
原句(名詞化“冗余”):The police conducted an investigation into the matter.
改后:The police investigated the matter.
B 名詞化部分作為主語
原句:Our discussion is concerned with a tax cut.
改后:We discussed a tax cut.
C 連續(xù)進(jìn)行名詞化
原句:a. First,she reviewed the evolution of the dorsal fin.
b. There was a first a review of the evolution of the dorsal fin.
改后:First,she reviewed how the dorsal fin evolved.
D 連接部分名詞化
原句:Their cessation of hostilities was because of their personnel losses.
改后:They ceased hostilities because they lost personnel.
原句:The instability of the motor housing did not preclude the completion of the field trials.
改后:Even though the motor housing was unstable, the research staff completed the field trials.
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